C. S. Lewis, scholar and spiritual writer
22 November 1963
Clive Staples Lewis ("Jack" Lewis to his friends) was a tutor and
lecturer at Oxford University, and later Professor of Medieval and
Renaissance English Literature at Cambridge University. In the
judgement of many, he is the most popular and most effective
explainer and defender of the Christian faith writing in English in
this century. He tried to make a point of avoiding disputes on
matters where Christians disagree, and defending those beliefs which
they hold in common. His work was valued by many Christians of
widely differing backgrounds: Anglican, Baptist, Methodist,
Pentecostal, Presyterian, Roman Catholic, etc.
Prayer (traditional language)
Almighty God, whose servant C.S.Lewis received of thy grace
singular gifts of insight in understanding the truth in Christ
Jesus, and of eloquence and clarity in presenting that truth
to his readers: Raise up in our day faithful interpreters of
thy Word, that we, being set free from all error and unbelief,
may come to the knowledge that maketh us wise unto salvation:
through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth
with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.
Prayer (contemporary language)
Almighty God, whose servant C.S.Lewis received of your grace
singular gifts of insight in understanding the truth in Christ
Jesus, and of eloquence and clarity in presenting that truth
to his readers: Raise up in our day faithful interpreters of
your Word, that we, being set free from all error and unbelief,
may come to the knowledge that makes us wise unto salvation:
through Jesus Christ your Son our Lord, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.
Books by C.S.Lewis (Clive Staples Lewis)
The Irish-English writer C.S.Lewis (1898-1963) has written many
books and essays on the Christian faith, some defending it, some
meditating on it. A partial list follows
-
Mere Christianity. This originated as a series of
fifteen-minute radio talks addressed to e very general audience,
undertaking to give a general account of Christian belief. It begins
with a discussion of some reasons for believing that God exists, and
why it matters that He does, and then continues with an account of
the redeeming work of God in Christ. It includes a discussion of
Christian moral standards, and Trinitarian theology. Throughout, the
author undertakes to confine himself to the common Christian core of
belief, and to steer clear of disagreements between denominations --
hence the word Mere in the title.
-
Miracles. The author defines a miracle as "an interference
with Nature by a supernatural power," and proceeds to examine the
question of whether we have grounds for believing that there exists
something that can properly be called supernatural (this involves
definitions of Nature other than just "everything that exists"),
whether there are grounds for supposing that that something could
not or would not interfere with the workings of Nature, and what
sort of view of reality is involved in the Christian assertion of
the Miracle of the Incarnation (God took human nature upon Himself
in the Person of Jesus of Nazareth). A cogent discussion and
analysis of fundamental questions.
-
The Problem of Pain. Undertakes to answer the question, "If
God is good and God is omnipotent, then why is there pain and evil
in the world?" or, as otherwise put, "If God loves me, why can't I
get my locker open?"
-
The Great Divorce. A dream (owing some ideas to Dante) in
which the author visits Heaven and Hell. The question is not what
they are like physically, but rather what it means to be in Hell or
in Heaven.
-
The Abolition of Man. Not explicitly Christian. Three
lectures defending the concept of Natural Law (a moral standard
known in principle to all human societies).
-
The Screwtape Letters. A series of letters from Screwtape,
an experienced devil, to his nephew Wormwood, a junior tempter on
his first assignment. The letters deal with the psychology of
temptation, and will make most readers laugh -- and wince.
(Note: Some copies have at the end an essay, "Screwtape
Proposes a Toast". This was written years later on a totally
different subject. By all means read them both, but not as a single
work, or in rapid succession.)
-
Reflections on the Psalms. Problems or questions that
occurred to Lewis while praying or studying the Psalms, and his
thoughts thereon.
-
A Preface to Paradise Lost. A series of lectures on epic
poetry and in particular on Milton's Paradise Lost. Lewis delivered
these in his professional capacity as a specialist in Mediaeval and
Renaissance English Literature, but they will be of interest to
Christians as well as to English students, for Lewis maintains that
one cannot understand or appreciate the poem without understanding
(not necessarily accepting) the beliefs that the poem presupposes.
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The World's Last Night and Other Essays. Includes:
-
The Efficacy of Prayer. Does it make sense to believe
that prayer can change things?
-
On Obstinacy in Belief. Does it ever make sense to
believe something "in the teeth of the evidence"?
-
The World's Last Night. How ought the doctrine of
Christ's Second Coming to affect our lives and thoughts?
-
and Other Essays. Many collections of Lewis's essays
have appeared since his death, and there is an annoying lack of
uniformity, so that the same essay may appear in two different
books, or in one but not another collection with the same title.
-
The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses. Includes:
-
The Weight of Glory. On the promises concerning Heaven.
- Transposition. (The title essay of the earlier
editions.) Dn the indwelling of the higher in the lower.
- The Inner Ring. On the urge to "belong" as a temptation.
- and other addresses.
-
The Space Trilogy. Three science-fiction or fantasy novels
on Christian themes.
- Out of The Silent Planet
- Perelandra
- That Hideous Strength
-
The Narnia Chronicles. Seven books for children, fantasies
or fairy tales that introduce indirectly many Christian topics. A
reader might not notice the Christian implications (and I would
suggest not pointing them out to a first-time reader), but an adult
faced with a serious, intellectual, adult question may sometimes
recall a passage as very much to the point. (I have.) Calling them
books of stories may suggest an arbitrary collection of independent
tales. In fact each book is a single story, and the series is a
unity and should probably be read in the order of writing (although
this makes the sixth a flashback, and some would favor reading it
first.)
- The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe
- Prince Caspian
- The Voyage of The Dawn Treader
- The Silver Chair
- The Horse and His Boy
- The Magician's Nephew
- The Last Battle
-
Letters to Malcolm, Chiefly on Prayer. The title explains.
-
Till We Have Faces. Novel retelling the story of Eros and
Psyche from the viewpoint of one of the sisters. One listmember
wrote that she disliked Lewis's work (I suspect for political
reasons). I got her to read this and she loved it. She said: "I had
no idea Lewis could write this sort of book!"
-
English Literature in The Sixteenth Century Excluding Drama,
later named Poetry and Prose in The Sixteenth Century. A standard
reference work. Much of the material is of interest chiefly to the
specialist, but someone already familiar with the doctrines on which
Christians are in general agreed and wanting to understand the
differences that gave rise to the Protestant Reformation will find
much helpful material. I particularly recommend pages 32-44,
162-165, 177-180, 181-192, 438-463.
-
The Pilgrim's Regress. An account in the style of John
Bunyan of how a young man, nominally reared as a Christian,
abandoned his beliefs and fared forth in search of something better,
and eventually arrived at a destination in one sense identical with,
but in another sense very different from, his starting point. The
intellectual alternatives he considers are affected by the fact that
he is (a) an Englishman, living in the 1920's, and (b) a scholar
largely devoted to literature and philosophy. Today's reader may
therefore find some of the references irrelevant or simply baffling,
but I predict that there will be a residue that hits home.
-
The Four Loves. An analysis of different kinds of love, and
different uses of the word "love," taking as its starting point four
Greek words for kinds of love.
-
The Allegory of Love first made Lewis's reputation in his
profession as a literature professor. It deals with the development
of allegorical love poetry in Western Europe from Ovid to Spenser.
Parts of it are of interest only to the specialist, but I do not
think this is true of the book as a whole. Reading it significantly
changed my views on the workings of the subconscious.
-
God in The Dock is a collection published after Lewis's
death of various essays, brief memos, letters to the editor, etc.
that he had written.
-
An Experiment in Criticism deals with Art, particularly
literature. Many critics have first distinguished good books from
bad books, and then defined Bad Taste as a taste for Bad Books.
Lewis asks what will happen if we reverse the process by
distinguishing two kinds of pleasures to be gotten from books (or
music, or painting) and then distinguishing books on the basis of
the kind of pleasure that they offer, or the way in which they
invite the reader to approach them.
-
The Discarded Image is an account of the view of the cosmos
that was standard in medieval times, with a discussion of its effect
on literature and on the imagination.
-
Studies in Words takes several English words (and often
their counterparts in Latin or Greek) and discusses changes in their
meaning from century to century, and the patterns of human thought
underlying the changes.
- ... and many more!