The Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after September 14 are the traditional autumnal Ember Days.
Among some Christians, it is the custom to observe these clusters of three days roughly at the beginnings of the four seasons. They fall on the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday following:
They are days of special prayer for those about to be ordained to the ministry, and some measure of fasting or abstinence, or partial fasting, or token fasting (such as not eating meat) is a customary part of their observance.
The entree shrimp tempura and its relatives, which we are accustomed to think of as traditional Japanese dishes, were invented by a Portugese missionary as meatless dishes for special days like the Ember days, and the word "tempura" is derived from the word "Ember."
The history of the days has been a subject of much dispute. Their name is apparently derived from the Latin quattuor tempora, or "The Four Seasons." They appear to have originated in Rome and to have spread from there. (The Qumran community ("Dead Sea Scrolls") had a similar observance, but apparently this is only a coincidence.) Originally there were perhaps only three sets of them, with the Spring Ember Days simply part of the days of Lent.
The prophet Zechariah speaks (Zech. 8:19) of "the fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth," and many Western manuscripts omitted the reference to the fifth. Counting from March as the first month, this would have been understood to refer to fasts in June, September, and December, and may have influenced the Christian observance. Again, there were pagan rites of purification connected with the times of sowing seed (December) and harvest (June) and vintage (December) and the Christian fasts may have been chosen to counter-act these.
It has been said that the Ember Days were first observed in the time of Pope Callistus I (218-225), but the earliest definite reference to them that we have is in the sermons of Pope Leo the Great (440-461). Pope Gelasius I (492-496) decreed that ordinations should take place at the end of the first full week of Lent, and it may be that he both (a) added the Spring Ember Days to the calendar and (b) introduced the connection between the Ember Days and ordination. (We have evidence that ordinations also took place on the third Saturday in December.)