1. [ Chapter 10 ] An activation record for an ALGOL-like language typically contains the following entries:

local variables
parameters
dynamic link
static link
return address

Show the stack with all activation record instances, including variables, parameters, and static and dynamic chains, when execution reaches position 1 in the following skeletal program. (You may omit the return address value from your activation records.)

procedure MAIN is
     X: Integer;
     procedure A(P: in Integer) is
          Y: Integer;
          procedure B is
               begin
               ...		<-----------------------  1
               end B;
          procedure C(Q: in Integer) is
               begin
               ...
               B;
               ...
               end C;
          begin   -- A
          ...
          C(Y);
          ...
          end A;
     begin   -- MAIN
          ...
          A(X);
          ...
     end MAIN;

2. [ Chapter 7 ] What is the result of evaluating the expression

6 * 5 - 4 - 3 * 2

a) that multiplication (*) has lower precedence than subtraction (-), and that all operators are left-associative?

b) that multiplication (*) and subtraction (-) have the same precedence, and that all operators are right-associative?

c) that multiplication (*) has higher precedence than subtraction (-), and that all operators are left-associative?

3. [ Chapter 9 ] Consider the following program:

procedure main is
          x, y: Integer;
     procedure change (a, b: Integer) is
          begin
               a := a + b;
               b := x;
               Put(a); New_Line;
               Put(b); New_Line;
               Put(x); New_Line;
               Put(y); New_Line;
          end change;
     begin  -- main
          x := 2;
          y := 3;
          change(x, y);
          Put(x); New_Line;
          Put(y); New_Line;
     end main;

a) value

b) result

c) value-result

d) reference

e) name